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Research Article
Volume 1, Article ID: 2025.0011
Sheerin Masroor
masroor.sheerin@gmail.com
Ajay Kumar
ajay.tiwari1591@gmail.com
Archana Goswami
archanago1997@gmail.com
Hari Krishan
hkrishan137@gmail.com
Saddam Hussain
saddamhussainphd23@gmail.com
Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
mekhan@jazanu.edu.sa
1 Department of Chemistry, A N College, Patliputra University, Patna 800013, Bihar, India
2 Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
3 Department of Biochemistry, Giri Diagnostic Kits and Reagents, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
4 Department of Chemistry, Michigan Diagnostic LLC, 2611 Parmenter Blvd, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
5 Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed
Received: 18 May 2025 Accepted: 20 Aug 2025 Available Online: 21 Aug 2025
Nanomaterials (NMs) are a unique class of materials with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, exhibiting exceptional properties distinct from their bulk forms. Their high surface area and tuneable physical, chemical, and magnetic behaviours make them valuable across diverse applications. Phase transitions, such as the emergence of magnetism at the nanoscale, highlight their distinctiveness. This review outlines the historical development of NMs and clarifies key terminology. It covers major synthesis techniques, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, and highlights the unique features that define nanoscale matter. A comprehensive overview of various NMs, such as fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, and core–shell Nanoparticles (NPs) is presented. The chapter concludes with current challenges and future directions in the field of NMs.
Disclaimer : This is not the final version of the article. Changes may occur when the manuscript is published in its final format.